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Chicago Style Guide 17th Edition: Audiovisual media

This referencing style guide is based on the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition. It has many different reference types. It gives detailed examples of how these references should be formatted in the "Notes and Bibliography" style.

Audiovisual media

In-Text Citation:

Use a superscript number (like this: ¹) in the text at the place where you are indicating that you are citing from a source.

Example:

In the movie Michael Collins, the eponymous lead character tells Eamon De Valera "You're my chief, always."¹


Footnote:

#. First name Last name, Title of Film, directed/performed etc. by First name Last Name (original year of release; City: Distributor or Studio, video/online release Year), format in which viewed/URL.

Example:

1. Michael Collins, directed by Neil Jordan (1997; London, Warner Home Videos, 1998), DVD.


Note: If the writer's name is not known for a film begin your entry with the Title of the work.

Reference:

Author Last name, First name. Title of Film. Directed/Performed etc. by First Name Last Name. Original Year of Release; City: Distributor/studio, video/online release Year (if different). Format in which the work was viewed or URL.

Example:

Jordan, Neil, dir. Michael Collins. 1997; London: Warner Home video, 1998. DVD.

In-Text Citation:

Use a superscript number (like this: ¹) in the text at the place where you are indicating that you are citing from a source.

Example:

The Handmaid’s Tale episode "Testimony" depicts the central character, June Osborne, trying to re-integrate into a society where she has choices and freedoms that had been traumatically removed from her life in Gilead.²


Footnote:

#. Title of Work, season number, episode number, “Title of Episode,” directed/created/written/performed by First name Last Name, aired Month Day, Year, on Network/Streaming service, URL.

Example:

2. The Handmaid’s Tale, season 4, episode 7, “Testimony,” directed by Elisabeth Moss, written by Kira Snyder, Margaret Atwood, Bruce Miller, and Jacey Heldrich, aired June 24, 2021 on RTE, https://www.rte.ie/player/series/the-handmaid-s-tale/SI0000002736?epguid=AQ000268409.


Note: If citing an entire series, begin the footnote with the First name/Last name of the creator/writer.

Reference:

Lastname, Firstname, dir (if applicable). Title of Work. Season number, episode number, “Episode Title.” Aired Month Day, Year, on Network Name. URL.

Example:

Moss, Elisabeth, dir. The Handmaid’s Tale. Season 4, episode 7, “Testimony.” Aired June 24, 2021 on RTE. https://www.rte.ie/player/series/the-handmaid-s-tale/SI0000002736?epguid=AQ000268409.

In-Text Citation:

Use a superscript number (like this: ¹) in the text at the place where you are indicating that you are citing from a source.

Example:

Young describes a piece of stone, with a carved human face as something to remind viewers that our planet is alive.¹


Footnote:

#. First name Last name of Creators, “Episode Title,” Publication Month Day, Year, in Podcast Title, published or produced or written or directed by, podcast, format audio, running time, URL.

Example:

1. Laurel Hubbard and Phil Pegan, "Emily Young: Stone Carver and Environmental Artist," March 2, 2021, in In The Studio, presented and produced by Phil Pegan, published by BBC World Service, podcast, MP3 audio, 26:29, https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p098ccgp.

Reference:

Last name, First name of Creators. “Episode Title.” Produced/written/directed by. Podcast Title. Publication Month Day, Year. Podcast, Format audio, running time. URL.

Example:

Hubbard, Laurel, and Phil Pegan. “Emily Young: Stone Carver and Environmental Artist.” Presented and produced by Phil Pegan, BBC World Service. In the Studio. March 2, 2021. Podcast, MP3 audio, 26:29. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p098ccgp.