Skip to Main Content

Harvard Style Guide: Other

This guide explains how to use the Harvard Style. It includes a short tutorial.

Other

In-Text-Citation:
  • Author(s) Last name et al. (Year)
  • (Author(s) Last name et al., Year)
Example:
  • Woods et al. (2014) detailed a model for corporate governance…..
  • There have been complete models for corporate governance in the Irish non-profit and charity sector (Woods et al., 2014).


Note: use the “et al.” for three or more authors just like for a book/journal etc.

Reference:

Student(s) Last name, Initial (s). (Year of submission) ‘Title of essay/project/assignment’, Module Code: module title. Institution. Unpublished essay/project/assignment.

Example:

Woods, M., Mulcahy, W.D., Halpin, L., and O’Shea, R.W. (2014) ‘A model code of ethics for corporate governance in the Irish non-profit and charity sector’, BMGT3019D: Corporate Responsibilities and Business Ethics. University College Dublin. Unpublished group project.

In-Text-Citation:
  • Reviewer Last name (Year)
  • (Reviewer Last name, Year)
Example:
  • According to Zajko's (2019) review of the book ....
  • It has been noted that the theoretical perspectives of interest, covered in this title, could be explored more thoroughly (Zajko, 2019).
Reference:

Reviewer Last name, Initials. (Year of review) 'Title of review (if available)', Review of Title of work reviewed by Author Initials Last name. Publication details of review.

Example:

Zajko, V. (2019) Review of Female Mobility and Gendered Space in Ancient Greek Myth by A. Konstantinou. American Journal of Philology, 140(2), p. 367, Available at:10.1353/ajp.2019.0021 (Accessed 1 March 2022).

In-Text-Citation:
  • (Author last name, Year)
  • Author last name (Year)...
Example:
  • In their case study Ofek et al. (2014) describe how marketing to the young generation...
Reference:

Author/editor Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Title of case study' [Case Study], Journal Title, Volume (Issue), pp. page numbers. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

Example:

Ofek, E., Avery, J., Rudolph, S., Martins Gomes, V., Saadat, N., Tsui, A., & Shroff, Y. (2014) 'Case study second thoughts about a strategy shift' [Case Study], Harvard Business Review, 92(12), pp. 125-129. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=99621003&site=ehost-live [Accessed 10 December 2014].

In your refernce list, multiple works by the same author will be listed chronologically following the author's name.

Example:

Eaton, S. E. (2017) 'Comparative Analysis of Institutional Policy Definitions of Plagiarism: A Pan-Canadian University Study', Interchange, 48(3), pp. 271–281.

Eaton, S. E. (2023) 'The Academic Integrity Technological Arms Race and its Impact on Learning, Teaching, and Assessment', Canadian journal of learning and technology, 48(2), pp. 1–9.

To cite multiple works by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters after the publication date in your in-text citations. The year with lower case letters will be included in the same way in the reference list to denote which title is being cited in the text. This applies to any type of source including books, journal articles, tweets etc.


In-Text-Citation: 

Research has focused on whether high-density housing, in city centres, is one answer to mitigate against homelessness (Wilmot 2020a; 2020b).

Wilmot (2020a) conducted intense research work with community organisations on homelessness. She came to the conclusion that high-density, city centre housing was not the answer (Wilmot 2020b).

Example: 

Wilmot M. (2020a) Inclusion: When will we have a Home for Life? Dublin: Pearson.

Wilmot M. (2020b) Solutions and Barriers to Homelessness. Dublin: Pearson.

In-Text-Citation:
  • (Author last name, Year)
Example:
  • The TILDA study has shown the impact of emmigration on older fathers in particular (Leahy et al., 2012)....
Reference:

Authors Last name, Initial(s). (Year) 'Title of Dataset'. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example:

Leahy, S., Nolan, A., O’ Connell, J., and Kenny, R. A. (2012) 'The Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA)'. Available at: http://www.ucd.ie/issda/data/tilda/ (Accessed December 2014).

In-Text-Citation:
  • Last name (Year)
  • (Last name, year)
Example:
  • DeMaio et. al. (2025) note that a presumptive diagnosis...
  • A presumptive diagnosis of endometriosis can be made based on the woman’s symptomatology (DeMaio et al., 2025)...
Reference:

Name of authoring organisation. (Year) Title, Series or publication numer (if given). Place of publication: Publisher. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).

Example:

DeMaio, A., McTiernan, A., Durand O’ Connor, A., Reidy, F. and O’ Neill, A. (2025) National Clinical Practice Guideline: Assessment and Management of Endometriosis. Ireland: National Women and Infants Health Programme and The Institute of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. Available at: https://www.hse.ie/eng/about/who/acute-hospitals-division/woman-infants/clinical-guidelines/assessment-and-management-of-endometriosis-2025-.pdf (Accessed: 08 September 2025).

In-Text-Citation:
  • 'Name of Party v Name of Party' (Year)
Example:
  • In the case of 'Smith v Heath Services Executive' (2013) …. 
Reference:

'Name of party v. Name of party' (Year) Name of Court, case no. Database or website. DOI/Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example:

'Smith v. Health Services Executive' (2013) Irish High Court, case 360. Courts Service of Ireland. Available at: https://www.courts.ie/acc/alfresco/10111491-b200-4d11-b9d5-0e2f81957bb6/2013_IEHC_360_1.pdf/pdf#view=fitH (Accessed 26 October 2021).

In-Text-Citation:
  • Last name (Year)
  • (Last name, year)
Example:
  • Kelly (2014) highlights social inequality....
  • Crime and inequality go hand in hand (Kelly, 2014)...
Reference:

Author Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Title of article'. Title of Journal [Preprint], Volume (Issue No.) pp. page numbers. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).

Example:

Kelly, M. (2014) 'Inequality and crime'. Review of Economics and Statistics [Preprint], 82 (4) 2000-11, pp.530-539. Available at: 10.1162/003465300559028 (Accessed: 10 December 2014).