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Harvard Style Guide: Websites, blogs & social media

This guide explains how to use the Harvard Style. It includes a short tutorial.

Websites

In-Text-Citation:
  • (Website author, Year)
Example:
  • Information available from their website (International Tourism Partnership, 2004) ….
Reference:

Website author (Year published/Last updated) Title of internet site. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example:

International tourism partnership (2004) International tourism partnership. Available at: http://www.internationaltourismpartnership.org/ (Accessed 8 February 2009).


Note 1: No author? If the website author is not available, simply use the website name, e.g. (Website name, Year).

Note 2: No date? If the date of the website is not available, substitute the date with the words 'no date', e.g.  Website author (no date).

In-Text-Citation:
  • Author(s) Last name (Year)
  • (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
  • Kelly (2004) responded….
  • In the response (Kelly, 2004)….
Reference:

Webpage Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) Page title.  Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example:

Kelly, M. (2004) Environmental attitudes and behaviours: Ireland in comparative European perspective. Available at: http://www.ucd.ie/environ/home.htm (Accessed 8 February 2009).

In-Text-Citation:
  • Author(s) Last name (Year)
  • (Author(s)  Last name, Year)
Example:
  • O’Connor (2010) proposed….
  • It was proposed elsewhere (O’Connor, 2010)
Reference:

Author(s) Last name, First name. (Year site published/Last updated) ‘Title of message’, Title of internet site, Day Month of posted message. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example:

O’Connor, John (2010) ‘Global warming and the future’, Jane Murphy blog, 14 January. Available at: http://janemurphyblog.com/blogs/archive/2010/01/14/115/aspx (Accessed 13 April 2010).

In-Text-Citation:
  • Author(s) Last name (Year)
  • (Author(s) Last name Year)
Example:
  • DSPCA (2017) reported on there being a number of kittens …
  • It was reported that the DSPCA has kittens for potential adoption (DSPCA, 2017).
Reference: 

Author Last name, Initials. (Year page/post published) Title of page [Facebook] Day Month of post. Available at: url of post (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example: 

DSPCA (2017) Dublin SPCA [Facebook] 24 November. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/dspca (Accessed 24 November 2017).


Note: if no author is available start with the title in italics and use title (in italics) with year for your in-text citation.

In-Text-Citation:
  • Author(s) Last name (Year)
  • (Authors(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
  • UCD School of Archaeology (2014) reports that lactose intolerance ....
  • It has been found that after 5,000 year of agriculture, early Europeans remained intolerant to lactose (UCD School of Archaeology, 2014).
Reference: 

Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year of post) [Twitter] Day Month of tweet. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example: 

UCD School of Archaeology (2014) [Twitter] 23 October. Available at: https://twitter.com/ucdarchaeology/status/525263801537404930 (Accessed 24 June 2015).


Note: date of post is used for in-text citation.

In-Text-Citation:
  • Author(s) Last name (Year)
  • (Authors(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
  • UCD Quinn School of Business offers well-being advice to students working at home (2020) ....
  • There is well-being advice available for students (UCD Quinn School of Business, 2020).
Reference: 

Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year of post) 'Title of post' [Instagram]. Day Month of tweet. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example: 

UCD Quinn School of Business (2020) 'Health and Well-being advice' [Instagram]. 14 April. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/B-9TsMonE2U (Accessed 20 July 2020).


Note: date of post is used for in-text citation.

In-Text-Citation:
  • Author’s/Presenter’s Last name (year)
  • (Author’s/Presenter’s Last name, year)
Example:
  • Reddy (2013) outlines how Irish crime fiction…..
  • It has been argued Irish Crime fiction has strong gender typing (Reddy, 2013).
Reference:

Author/Presenter Last name, Initial(s). (Year site published/updated) Title of podcast. [Podcast]. Day Month Year of podcast posted. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).

Example:

Reddy, M. (2013) Hibernian hardboiled: race & gender in contemporary Irish crime fiction. [Podcast]. 24 November 2013. Available at: http://www.ucd.ie/humanities/events/podcasts/2013/irish-crime-fiction/index.html (Accessed 31 January 2014).